@inproceedings { jaeger_y-branch_,
	title = {Y-branch optical modulator},
	journal = {Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA)},
	volume = {1583},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {202-9},
	type = {inproceedings},
	address = {Boston, MA, USA},
	abstract = {To characterize z-cut Ti:LiNbO3 Y-branch optical modulators, numerical simulations were performed showing that high on/off ratios are attainable without special Y-junction asymmetries or long electrodes. The effective index and 2D finite difference beam propagation methods were used for the simulations. A modulator with a 2? Y-branch was fabricated. The measured on/off ratios were 5:1 at 25 V, 12:1 at 50 V, and 60:1 at 75 V, corresponding to 4:1, 12:1, and 62:1 for the simulations for ?0=632.8 nm},
	keywords = {electro-optical devices,integrated optics,lithium compounds,titanium},
	ISBN = {0277-786X},
	author = { Jaeger, N.A.F.  and  Lai, W.C.}
}